Ma lalo o ka hu'ahu'a o ka pia amber e waiho ana i ka waiwai mea kanu underestimated. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 9 AD, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mālama kūlohelohe e nā mea inu ʻEulopa. I kēia mau lā, ua lilo ia i mea waiwai nui i ka hana pia me kona ʻawaʻawa kū hoʻokahi a me ka ʻala. ʻO kēia ʻano meakanu, ʻo ia ka hop.
1. Hops: ʻO ka mea kilokilo no ka hana ʻana i ka pia
ʻO ka hop (Humulus lupulus), ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo snake hop, kahi mea kanu piʻi mau loa o ka ʻohana Cannabaceae a hiki ke ulu aʻe ma mua o 7 mau mika. Loaʻa iā ia nā inflorescences conical nui, i kapa ʻia ʻo ia nā cones a ua haku ʻia me nā petals resin ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā. I ka wā oʻo, uhi ʻia nā cones o nā hops me nā kelepa anthocyanin e hūnā i ka resin a me nā ʻaila koʻikoʻi, e hana ana i ka ʻono kūʻokoʻa a me ka ʻala o ka ʻano hop. ʻOhi mau ʻia nā cones hop i ka hopena o ʻAukake a i Sepatemaba paha.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hops ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka wā kahiko o ʻAigupita. I ka wā Roma, hoʻohana ʻia nā hops e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā maʻi ate a me nā maʻi ʻōnaehana digestive. Mai ke kenekulia 13, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hops he lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kuni a me nā maʻi spleen ma ka ʻāina Arab.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hops i ka pia i ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 9 AD. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia lākou i ka pia ma muli o kā lākou mau mea mālama e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola. I ka wā o ka Middle Ages, ua ʻike ka poʻe brewers ma nā monasteries Kelemania hiki iā ia ke kaulike i ka ʻono o ka malt, hāʻawi i ka pia me kahi ʻawaʻawa hōʻoluʻolu a me kahi ʻala momona, a pēlā e hoʻokumu ai i kona kūlana kumu i ka hana pia. I kēia lā, ma kahi o 98% o nā hops i hoʻoulu ʻia e hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana hana pia, a ʻo ʻAmelika ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua.
2. ʻAʻole wale i ka hana ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hopena maikaʻi o ka hops
ʻO nā hops, me ko lākou ʻawaʻawa kūʻokoʻa a me ko lākou ʻala, ua lilo i mea waiwai nui i ka hana pia. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku kona waiwai ma mua o kēia.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi hou ʻana he mau α -acids (ʻo ka nui o ka humulone) a me nā β -acids (ma ka nui o ka humulone), nā flavonols (quercetin a me kaempferol), nā ʻaila flavonoids 3 (ka nui o nā catechins, epicatechins a me nā proanthocyanidins), nā waikawa phenolic (ferulic acid), a me kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka isoprene flavonoids. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka alpha acids a me ka beta acids ke kumu nui o ka ʻawaʻawa o ka hops.
ʻO ka hoʻomaha a me ke kōkua hiamoe: Humulone i nā hops hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻokipa GABA, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hopohopo a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hiamoe. Hiki i ka GABA i nā hops ke hoʻonui i ka hana o ka neurotransmitter GABA, no laila ke kāohi nei i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. Hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻohālike holoholona e hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa pono i ka hana o ka pō i ka puʻupuʻu circadian i kahi ʻāpana 2-miligram o ka hop extract. I ka hopena, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena sedative o nā hops e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o nā mea hoʻokipa GABA, nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻouna koke ʻana i ka synaptic inhibitory i ka lolo. I kēia manawa, hui pinepine ka poʻe i ka hops me ka valerian e hana i ke kī hoʻomaha.
ʻO nā hopena antioxidant a me nā hopena anti-inflammatory: Loaʻa i nā hops nā biomolecules me ka mana antioxidant kiʻekiʻe e like me flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), a me astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), hiki ke pale pono i ka pōʻino mai nā ʻano oxygen reactive. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka xanthol i loko o nā hops ke hoʻopau i nā radical manuahi, keʻakeʻa i ke ala NF-κB, a hoʻēmi i ka ʻeha mau (e like me ka arthritis).
Antibacterial: Mai ka wā kahiko o ʻAigupita, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hops e mālama i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa α-acid a me ka β-acid i loko o nā hops he hana antibacterial a hiki ke pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms like ʻole, me Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans a me Gram-positive bacteria. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu i ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka pia ma mua o ka inu wai. Ma waho aʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ia me nā waiwai antibacterial, kōkua pū ka alpha-acid i ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻa o ka pia.
Kākoʻo i ke olakino o nā wāhine: Hiki i ka hop isoprenylnaringin (i loaʻa mai ka fulminol a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui) ke hoʻopaʻi i ka emi ʻana o nā pae 17-β -estradiol i ka wā menopause. Aia ka 8-isoprenylnaringin i ka hop hoʻomākaukau, ʻo ia kekahi o nā phytoestrogens ikaika i ʻike ʻia ma ke aupuni mea kanu. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomākaukau hop ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi maoli no nā phytoestrogens i ka wā menopause i nā wahine e hoʻomaha ai i nā wela wela, insomnia a me nā ʻano loli. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi e pili ana i nā wahine he 63 i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hop hop hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā hōʻailona vasomotor pili i ka menopause a me nā uila wela.
Ka pale ʻana i nā aʻalolo: Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi hiki i ka hop terpenes ke komo i ka pale koko-lolo, pale i nā aʻalolo, hāʻawi i ka pale anti-inflammatory no ka lolo, a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha oxidative. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi haʻawina e hiki i ka hop isoalphaic acid ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻomanaʻo hilinaʻi hippocampal a me nā hana cognitive pili prefrontal cortex ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka dopamine neural transmission. Hiki i ka ʻawaʻawa ʻawaʻawa i loko o nā hops ke hoʻonui i ka hana hoʻomanaʻo ma o ka mīkini i hoʻopili ʻia e ka neurotransmission norepinephrine. Hiki i ka hop isoalphaic acid ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka neuroinflammation a me ka naʻau impairment i nā ʻano maʻi neurodegenerative rodent like ʻole, me ka maʻi o Alzheimer.
3. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hops
Hōʻike ka ʻikepili Mordor i ka nui o ka mākeke hop i manaʻo ʻia he 9.18 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2025 a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e hōʻea i 12.69 biliona kālā ʻAmelika e 2030, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 6.70% i ka wā wānana (2025-2030). Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei e ka ulu ʻana o ka inu pia, ke ʻano o ka pia hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano hop hou, ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka mākeke hop e ulu mau.
Ola maikai wale
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi capsule meaʻai meaʻai hop. He hopena hoʻomaha kēia huahana a kōkua i ka hiamoe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-24-2025