Ma lalo o ka huʻa e wili ana o ka pia ʻamepa e waiho ana kahi waiwai o nā mea kanu i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Mai ke kenekulia 9 AD, ua hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea mālama kūlohelohe e nā mea hana pia ʻEulopa. I kēia mau lā, ua lilo ia i mea maka pono ʻole i ka hana pia me kona ʻawaʻawa a me ke ʻala kū hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia ʻano mea kanu he hops.
1. Hops: ʻO ka mea kaua kilokilo no ka hana pia
ʻO ka Hop (Humulus lupulus), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo snake hop, he mea kanu piʻi mau loa ia o ka ʻohana Cannabaceae a hiki ke ulu a ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 mika. Loaʻa iā ia nā pua conical mānoanoa, i kapa ʻia ʻo cones ma ke ʻano botanical a ua haku ʻia me nā petals resin ʻōmaʻomaʻo palupalu. Ke oʻo, ua uhi ʻia nā cones o nā hops me nā kelepa anthocyanin e huna ana i ka resin a me nā aila koʻikoʻi, e hana ana i ka ʻono kū hoʻokahi a me ke ʻala o ke ʻano hop. ʻOhi pinepine ʻia nā cones hop i ka hopena o ʻAukake a i Kepakemapa paha.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hops ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka wā kahiko o ʻAigupita. I ka wā Roma, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hops e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā maʻi akepaʻa a me nā maʻi ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe. Mai ke kenekulia 13, ua manaʻo ʻia nā hops he lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kuni a me nā maʻi spleen ma ka ʻāina ʻArabia.
Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā hops i loko o ka pia i ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 9 AD. I ka wā mua, ua hoʻohui ʻia lākou i ka pia ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai mālama e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka papa. I ka wā o ka Middle Ages, ua ʻike nā mea hana pia ma nā hale mōneka Kelemania hiki iā ia ke kaulike i ka ʻono o ka malt, hāʻawi i ka pia me ka ʻawaʻawa hou a me kahi ʻala momona, a pēlā i hoʻokumu ai i kona kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka hana pia. I kēia lā, ma kahi o 98% o nā hops i mahi ʻia e hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana hana pia, a ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka mea hana hops nui loa o ka honua.
2. ʻAʻole wale i ka hana pia, he nui nā hopena maikaʻi o nā hops
ʻO nā hops, me ko lākou ʻawaʻawa a me ke ʻala kūikawā, ua lilo i mea pono ʻole i ka hana pia. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku kona waiwai ma mua o kēia.
Ua ʻike ʻia ma o nā noiʻi hou he mau ʻakika α (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo humulone) a me nā ʻakika β (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo humulone), nā flavonols (quercetin a me kaempferol), nā ʻaila flavonoid 3 (ʻo ia hoʻi nā catechins, epicatechins a me proanthocyanidins), nā ʻakika phenolic (ʻakika ferulic), a me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā flavonoids isoprene (ʻakika fulvic). I waena o lākou, ʻo nā ʻakika alpha a me nā ʻakika beta nā kumu nui o ka ʻawaʻawa o nā hops.
Kōkua hoʻomaha a me ka hiamoe: Hiki i ka Humulone i loko o nā hops ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea loaʻa GABA, e hōʻoluʻolu ana i ka hopohopo a hoʻoulu i ka hiamoe. Hiki i ka GABA i loko o nā hops ke hoʻonui i ka hana o ka neurotransmitter GABA, a laila e kāohi ana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. Hōʻike kahi hoʻokolohua holoholona e hiki i kahi 2-milligram o ka hop extract ke hōʻemi pono i ka hana pō i ka circadian rhythm. I ka hopena, ʻo ka hopena hoʻomaha o nā hops e hoʻopili ʻia e ka hana hoʻonui o nā mea loaʻa GABA, nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻoili wikiwiki ʻana o ka synaptic i loko o ka lolo. I kēia manawa, hoʻohui pinepine ka poʻe i nā hops me ka valerian e hana i ke kī hōʻoluʻolu.
Nā hopena antioxidant a me anti-inflammatory: Loaʻa i nā hops nā biomolecules me ka hiki ke antioxidant kiʻekiʻe e like me nā flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), a me ka astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), hiki ke pale pono i ka hōʻino ʻia mai nā ʻano oxygen reactive. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka xanthol i loko o nā hops ke hoʻopau i nā radical manuahi, kāohi i ke ala NF-κB, a hōʻoluʻolu i ka mumū mau (e like me ka arthritis).
Antibacterial: Mai ʻAigupita kahiko mai, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hops e mālama i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa α-acid a me ka β-acid i loko o nā hops he hana antibacterial a hiki ke kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms like ʻole, me Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans a me Gram-positive bacteria. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu i ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka pia ma mua o ka inu ʻana i ka wai. Ma waho aʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ia me nā waiwai antibacterial, kōkua pū ka alpha-acid i ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa o ka huʻa o ka pia.
Ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke olakino o nā wahine: Hiki i ka hop isoprenylnaringin (i loaʻa mai ka fulminol a me kāna mau derivatives) ke hoʻoponopono no ka emi ʻana o nā pae 17-β-estradiol i ka wā menopause. Loaʻa i nā hoʻomākaukau hop ka 8-isoprenylnaringin, ʻo ia kekahi o nā phytoestrogens ikaika i ʻike ʻia ma ke aupuni mea kanu. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau hop ma ke ʻano he pani kūlohelohe no nā phytoestrogens i ka wā menopause i nā wahine e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻālohilohi wela, ka insomnia a me nā loli o ke ʻano. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi e pili ana i 63 mau wahine e hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau hop ke hōʻoluʻolu i nā hōʻailona vasomotor e pili ana i ka menopause a me nā ʻālohilohi wela.
Ke pale ʻana i nā aʻalolo: Ua ʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi hiki i nā terpenes hop ke komo i loko o ka pale koko-lolo, pale i nā aʻalolo, hāʻawi i ka pale anti-inflammatory no ka lolo, a hōʻemi i ke kaumaha oxidative. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe hiki i ka waikawa hop isoalcamp ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomanaʻo hippocampal a me nā hana cognitive e pili ana i ka prefrontal cortex ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hoʻoili neural dopamine. Hiki i ka waikawa ʻawaʻawa i loko o nā hops ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana hoʻomanaʻo ma o ke ʻano i hoʻopili ʻia e ka norepinephrine neurotransmission. Hiki i ka waikawa hop isoalcamp ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka neuroinflammation a me ka hōʻino cognitive i nā ʻano maʻi neurodegenerative rodent like ʻole, me ka maʻi Alzheimer.
3. Ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā hops
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili Mordor ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke hop he 9.18 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2025 a ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻea i 12.69 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2030, me ka nui o ka ulu makahiki he 6.70% i ka wā wānana (2025-2030). Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka inu pia, ke ʻano o ka pia hana lima a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano hop hou, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke hop.
Ola Kino Maikaʻi
He lelekapule mea kanuua hoʻokuʻu ʻia. He hopena hoʻomaha ko kēia huahana a kōkua i ka hiamoe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-24-2025