I ka makahiki o ka poʻe, ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka hana o ka lolo. Ma waena o ka poʻe makahiki 20-49, hoʻomaka ka hapa nui e ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka hana cognitive i ka wā e ʻike ai lākou i ka nalowale hoʻomanaʻo a poina paha. No kēlā mau makahiki 50-59, hiki mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka emi ʻana o ka cognitive i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e ʻike i kahi hāʻule ʻike ʻia o ka hoʻomanaʻo.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hana o ka lolo, ʻokoʻa nā pūʻulu makahiki i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka poʻe o 20-29 mau makahiki ke nānā aku nei i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiamoe e hoʻonui i ka hana o ka lolo (44.7%), ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā poʻe 30-39 i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka luhi (47.5%). No ka poʻe 40-59 makahiki, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka nānā ʻana he kī nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o ka lolo (40-49 mau makahiki: 44%, 50-59 mau makahiki: 43.4%).
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui kaulana i ka mākeke olakino lolo o Iapana
Ma ka laina me ke ʻano o ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻimi ʻana i ke ola olakino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke meaʻai hana o Iapana i nā hoʻonā no nā pilikia olakino kūikawā, me ke olakino lolo ke kumu nui. Ma ka lā 11 o Kekemapa, 2024, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Iapana i 1,012 mau meaʻai hana (e like me ka ʻikepili kūhelu), nona ka 79 i pili i ke olakino lolo. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo GABA ka mea hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ukali ʻia eluteina/zeaxanthin, ka lau ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, a me ka ergothioneine.
1. GABA
ʻO GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) he amino acid non-proteinogenic i ʻike mua ʻia e Steward a me nā hoa hana i ka ʻuala ʻuala ma 1949. Ma 1950, Roberts et al. ʻike ʻia ʻo GABA i loko o nā lolo mammalian, i hana ʻia ma o ka α-decarboxylation hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia o ka glutamate a i ʻole kāna mau paʻakai, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka glutamate decarboxylase.
ʻO GABA kahi neurotransmitter koʻikoʻi i loaʻa nui i ka ʻōnaehana nerve mammalian. ʻO kāna hana nui e hōʻemi i ka excitability neuronal ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻailona neural. I loko o ka lolo, ʻo ke kaulike ma waena o ka neurotransmission inhibitory i hoʻopili ʻia e GABA a me ka neurotransmission excitatory i hoʻopili ʻia e ka glutamate he mea nui ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻa o ka membrane cell a me ka hana neural maʻamau.
Hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka GABA ke kāohi i nā loli neurodegenerative a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā hana cognitive. Hōʻike nā haʻawina holoholona e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo GABA i ka hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi i nā ʻiole me ka emi ʻana o ka cognitive a hāpai i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā cell neuroendocrine PC-12. Ma nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo GABA e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka neurotrophic factor (BDNF) i loaʻa i ka lolo a hoʻemi i ka hopena o ka dementia a me ka maʻi Alzheimer i nā wahine waena.
Eia kekahi, he hopena maikaʻi ka GABA i ke ʻano, ke kaumaha, ka luhi, a me ka hiamoe. Hōʻike ka noiʻi e hiki i ka hui ʻana o GABA a me L-theanine ke hōʻemi i ka latency hiamoe, hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka hiamoe, a hoʻonui i ka ʻōlelo o GABA a me ka glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinhe carotenoid oxygenated i haku ʻia me nā koena isoprene ʻewalu, he polyene unsaturated i loaʻa i ʻeiwa mau paʻa pālua, nāna e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama i nā lōʻihi nalu kikoʻī, e hāʻawi iā ia i nā waiwai kala kūʻokoʻa.Zeaxanthinhe isomer o lutein, okoa ke kulana o ka paa palua i ke apo.
Lutein a me zeaxanthinʻO nā puaʻa mua i loko o ka retina. Loaʻa ka Lutein i ka retina peripheral, ʻoiai ʻo zeaxanthin ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka macula waena. ʻO nā hopena pale o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin no nā maka e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike, ka pale ʻana i ka macular degeneration (AMD) pili i ka makahiki, nā cataracts, glaucoma, a me ka pale ʻana i ka retinopathy i nā pēpē premature.
I ka makahiki 2017, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Georgia he hopena maikaʻi ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin i ke olakino lolo i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina e hōʻike ana nā poʻe me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin i ka hana lolo haʻahaʻa i ka wā e hana ana i nā hana hoʻomanaʻo huaʻōlelo, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka neural.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻo Lutemax 2020, kahi mea hoʻohui lutein mai Omeo, i hoʻonui nui i ke kiʻekiʻe o BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), kahi protein koʻikoʻi i pili i ka neural plasticity, a koʻikoʻi no ka ulu a me ka ʻokoʻa o nā neurons, a pili pū me. hoʻonui i ke aʻo ʻana, hoʻomanaʻo, a me ka hana cognitive.
(Nā hoʻohālikelike o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin)
3. ʻAi ʻO Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, ʻo ia wale nō nā mea ola i loko o ka ʻohana ginkgo, i kapa pinepine ʻia he "fossil ola." Hoʻohana mau ʻia kona mau lau a me nā hua i ka noiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maoli i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā pūhui ikaika i loko o ka lau ginkgo ka nui o nā flavonoids a me nā terpenoids, nona nā waiwai e like me ke kōkua ʻana i ka hōʻemi lipid, nā hopena antioxidant, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo, hoʻēmi i ka pilikia o ka maka, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pale mai ka pōʻino o ka ate.
ʻO ka monograph o ka World Health Organization ma nā mea kanu lāʻau e hōʻike ana i ka standardizedginkgoPono nā lau lau he 22-27% flavonoids glycosides a me 5-7% terpenoids, me ka ʻakika ginkgolic ma lalo o 5 mg/kg. I Iapana, ua hoʻonohonoho ka Health and Nutrition Food Association i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka extract leaf ginkgo, e koi ana i ka ʻike flavonoid glycoside ma ka liʻiliʻi he 24% a me ka terpenoid ma ka liʻiliʻi he 6%, me ka ginkgolic acid i mālama ʻia ma lalo o 5 ppm. ʻO ka ʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā no nā pākeke ma waena o 60 a 240 mg.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lau ginkgo maʻamau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi placebo, hiki ke hoʻonui nui i kekahi mau hana cognitive, me ka pololei o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hiki ke hoʻoholo. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ka extract ginkgo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe o ke koko a me ka hana.
4. DHA
ʻO DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) he omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). He nui ia i ka iʻa a me kā lākou huahana, ʻoi aku ka iʻa momona, e hāʻawi ana i ka 0.68-1.3 grams o DHA no 100 grams. Loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o DHA i nā meaʻai holoholona e like me nā hua manu a me ka ʻiʻo. Eia kekahi, aia ka DHA i ka waiu waiu kanaka a me nā waiu mammals ʻē aʻe. No ka noiʻi ʻana ma luna o 2,400 wahine ma waena o 65 mau haʻawina i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka awelika o ka DHA i ka waiū umauma he 0.32% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka momona momona, mai ka 0.06% a hiki i ka 1.4%, me nā heluna kahakai i loaʻa ka DHA kiʻekiʻe loa i ka waiū umauma.
Pili ka DHA i ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo, ka hana, a me nā maʻi. Hōʻike ka noiʻi nui e hiki i ka DHA ke hoʻonui i ka neurotransmission, ka ulu ʻana o neuronal, synaptic plasticity, a me ka hoʻokuʻu neurotransmitter. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi meta-analysis o 15 randomized controlled trials i ka awelika o ka lawe ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o 580 mg o DHA i hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hoʻomanaʻo episodic i nā pākeke olakino (18-90 mau makahiki) a me ka poʻe me ka haʻahaʻa cognitive impairment.
ʻO nā ʻano hana a DHA: 1) hoʻihoʻi i ka ratio n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) kaohi ʻana i ka neuroinflammation pili i ka makahiki i hana ʻia e ka M1 microglial cell overactivation; 3) ke kāohi ʻana i ka A1 astrocyte phenotype ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā māka A1 e like me C3 a me S100B; 4) kaohi pono ʻana i ke ala hōʻailona proBDNF/p75 me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i ka neurotrophic factor-pili kinase B i loaʻa i ka lolo; a me 5) e hoʻoikaika ana i ke ola neuronal ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae phosphatidylserine, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka protein kinase B (Akt) me ka translocation a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
ʻO ka ʻōpū, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "ka lua o ka lolo," ua hōʻike ʻia he mau pilina koʻikoʻi me ka lolo. ʻO ka ʻōpū, ma ke ʻano he okana me ka neʻe kūʻokoʻa, hiki ke hana kūʻokoʻa me ke aʻo ʻole o ka lolo. Eia nō naʻe, mālama ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me ka lolo ma o ka ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic, nā hōʻailona hormonal, a me nā cytokines, e hana ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "gut-brain axis."
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana he kuleana ko ka bacteria ʻōpū i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka protein β-amyloid, kahi hōʻailona pathological koʻikoʻi i ka maʻi o Alzheimer. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mana olakino, ua hōʻemi ka poʻe maʻi o Alzheimer i ka ʻokoʻa microbiota gut, me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka Bifidobacterium.
Ma nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao kanaka e pili ana i nā poʻe me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (MCI), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Bifidobacterium MCC1274 i ka hana cognitive i ka Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā helu ma nā wahi e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo koke, ka hiki ke nānā-spatial, ka hana paʻakikī, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo lohi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-06-2025