I ka wā e ʻelemakule ai nā kānaka, ʻike nui ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka hana o ka lolo. Ma waena o nā kānaka 20-49 makahiki, hoʻomaka ka hapa nui e ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka hana noʻonoʻo ke ʻike lākou i ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo a i ʻole ka poina ʻana. No ka poʻe 50-59 makahiki, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo ke hoʻomaka lākou e ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ka lolo, nānā nā hui makahiki like ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka poʻe 20-29 makahiki e nānā nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiamoe e hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka lolo (44.7%), ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe 30-39 makahiki e makemake nui ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka luhi (47.5%). No ka poʻe 40-59 makahiki, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka nānā ʻana he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka lolo (40-49 makahiki: 44%, 50-59 makahiki: 43.4%).
Nā Mea Hoʻohui Kaulana ma ka Mākeke Ola Kino o Iapana
I kūlike me ke au honua o ka hahai ʻana i kahi nohona olakino, ke kau nui nei ka mākeke meaʻai hana o Iapana i nā hoʻonā no nā pilikia olakino kikoʻī, me ke olakino o ka lolo he kiko nui. Ma ka lā 11 o Dekemaba, 2024, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Iapana i 1,012 mau meaʻai hana (e like me ka ʻikepili kūhelu), a he 79 o ia mau mea e pili ana i ke olakino o ka lolo. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo GABA ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, a ukali ʻia elutein/zeaxanthin, ka ʻāpana lau ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, a me ka ergothioneine.
1. GABA
ʻO GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) kahi amino acid non-proteinogenic i ʻike mua ʻia e Steward a me nā hoa hana i loko o ka ʻiʻo ʻuala i ka makahiki 1949. I ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻike ʻo Roberts et al. i ka GABA i loko o nā lolo mammalian, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma o ka α-decarboxylation irreversible o ka glutamate a i ʻole kona mau paʻakai, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka glutamate decarboxylase.
He neurotransmitter koʻikoʻi ʻo GABA i loaʻa nui i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve mammalian. ʻO kāna hana nui ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hoʻonāukiuki neuronal ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā hōʻailona neural. I loko o ka lolo, ʻo ke kaulike ma waena o ka neurotransmission inhibitory i hoʻopili ʻia e GABA a me ka neurotransmission excitatory i hoʻopili ʻia e glutamate he mea nui ia no ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa o ka membrane cell a me ka hana neural maʻamau.
Hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka GABA ke kāohi i nā loli neurodegenerative a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā hana noʻonoʻo. Hōʻike nā haʻawina holoholona e hoʻomaikaʻi ka GABA i ka hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi i nā ʻiole me ka emi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo a paipai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā pūnaewele neuroendocrine PC-12. I nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo GABA e hoʻonui i nā pae serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka dementia a me ka maʻi Alzheimer i nā wahine waena.
Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka GABA nā hopena maikaʻi ma ke ʻano, ke kaumaha, ka luhi, a me ka hiamoe. Hōʻike ka noiʻi e hiki i ka hui ʻana o GABA a me L-theanine ke hōʻemi i ka lohi o ka hiamoe, hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka hiamoe, a hoʻonui i ka hōʻike ʻana o GABA a me ka glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinhe carotenoid oxygenated i haku ʻia me ʻewalu mau koena isoprene, kahi polyene unsaturated i loaʻa ʻeiwa mau pilina pālua, ka mea e omo a hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama ma nā nalu kikoʻī, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i nā waiwai kala kū hoʻokahi.ʻO Zeaxanthinhe isomer ia o ka lutein, ʻokoʻa ke kūlana o ka pilina pālua i loko o ke apo.
ʻO Lutein a me zeaxanthinʻo ia nā pigments mua i loko o ka retina. Loaʻa nui ʻo Lutein ma ka retina peripheral, ʻoiai ʻo zeaxanthin i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka macula waena. ʻO nā hopena pale olutein a me zeaxanthinno nā maka e komo pū me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike, ka pale ʻana i ka macular degeneration pili i ka makahiki (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, a me ka pale ʻana i ka retinopathy i nā pēpē hānau mua.
I ka makahiki 2017, ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Georgialutein a me zeaxanthinhoʻohuli maikaʻi i ke olakino o ka lolo i nā pākeke. Ua hōʻike ka haʻawina i nā mea komo me nā pae kiʻekiʻe olutein a me zeaxanthinua hōʻike i ka hana lolo haʻahaʻa i ka wā e hana ana i nā hana hoʻomanaʻo huaʻōlelo, e hōʻike ana i ka pono neural kiʻekiʻe.
Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ua hoʻonui nui ʻo Lutemax 2020, kahi mea hoʻohui lutein mai Omeo, i ka pae o BDNF (factor neurotrophic i loaʻa mai ka lolo), kahi protein koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka plasticity neural, a he mea nui no ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā neurons, a pili pū me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo, a me ka hana cognitive.
(Nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin)
3. ʻO ka ʻōpala lau Ginkgo (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano ola i loko o ka ʻohana ginkgo, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he "fossil ola." Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kona mau lau a me nā hua i ka noiʻi pharmacological a ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūlohelohe i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā mea hana i loko o ka ginkgo leaf extract he mau flavonoids a me nā terpenoids, nona nā waiwai e like me ke kōkua ʻana i ka hōʻemi lipid, nā hopena antioxidant, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo, ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻana i ke kaumaha o ka maka, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka hōʻino ʻana o ke akepaʻa.
Ua kuhikuhi ka monograph a ka World Health Organization ma nā mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kūlana maʻamauginkgoPono nā ʻāpana lau e loaʻa i ka 22-27% flavonoid glycosides a me 5-7% terpenoids, me ka nui o ka waikawa ginkgolic ma lalo o 5 mg/kg. Ma Iapana, ua hoʻonohonoho ka Health and Nutrition Food Association i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka ʻāpana lau ginkgo, e koi ana i ka nui o ka flavonoid glycoside ma ka liʻiliʻi he 24% a me ka nui o ka terpenoid ma ka liʻiliʻi he 6%, me ka waikawa ginkgolic e mālama ʻia ma lalo o 5 ppm. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i manaʻo ʻia no nā pākeke ma waena o 60 a me 240 mg.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i ka ʻaila lau ginkgo maʻamau, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka placebo, ke hoʻonui nui i kekahi mau hana noʻonoʻo, me ka pololei o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā hiki ke hoʻoholo. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻaila ginkgo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe koko a me ka hana o ka lolo.
4. DHA
DHAʻO ka waikawa docosahexaenoic (docosahexaenoic acid) he omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Nui ia i nā meaʻai kai a me kā lākou huahana, ʻoi aku ka iʻa momona, e hāʻawi ana i ka 0.68-1.3 grams o DHA no 100 grams. ʻO nā meaʻai holoholona e like me nā hua manu a me ka ʻiʻo he liʻiliʻi ka nui o DHA. Eia kekahi, loaʻa pū ka DHA i ka waiū umauma kanaka a me ka waiū o nā mammals ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi noiʻi ma luna o 2,400 mau wahine ma 65 mau haʻawina ʻo ka awelika o ka DHA i loko o ka waiū umauma he 0.32% o ka nui o ka momona momona, mai 0.06% a 1.4%, me nā heluna kanaka kahakai e loaʻa ana nā DHA kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ka waiū umauma.
Pili ka DHA me ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo, ka hana, a me nā maʻi. Hōʻike ka noiʻi nui i kēlāDHAhiki ke hoʻonui i ka neurotransmission, ka ulu ʻana o nā neuronal, ka plasticity synaptic, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā neurotransmitter. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi meta-analysis o 15 mau hoʻokolohua i hoʻomalu ʻia i ka randomized e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ka lawe ʻana o 580 mg o DHA i kēlā me kēia lā i ka hoʻomanaʻo episodic i nā pākeke olakino (18-90 mau makahiki) a me ka poʻe me ka hemahema cognitive iki.
ʻO nā ʻano hana a DHA: 1) hoʻihoʻi i ka lakio n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) kāohi ʻana i ka neuroinflammation pili i ka makahiki i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka overactivation cell M1 microglial; 3) kāohi ʻana i ka phenotype astrocyte A1 ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā māka A1 e like me C3 a me S100B; 4) kāohi pono i ke ala hōʻailona proBDNF/p75 me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hōʻailona kinase B neurotrophic factor-associated i loaʻa i ka lolo; a me 5) hoʻolaha i ke ola neuronal ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae phosphatidylserine, kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka membrane protein kinase B (Akt).
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōpū, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ka "lolo lua," he mau pilina koʻikoʻi me ka lolo. ʻO ka ʻōpū, ma ke ʻano he ʻōkana me ka neʻe kūʻokoʻa, hiki ke hana kūʻokoʻa me ka ʻole o ke kuhikuhi pololei ʻana i ka lolo. Eia nō naʻe, mālama ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me ka lolo ma o ka ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic, nā hōʻailona hormonal, a me nā cytokines, e hana ana i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo "gut-brain axis."
Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi he kuleana ko nā bacteria o ka ʻōpū i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka protein β-amyloid, kahi māka pathological koʻikoʻi i ka maʻi Alzheimer. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaohi olakino, ua hōʻemi nā maʻi Alzheimer i ke ʻano like ʻole o nā microbiota o ka ʻōpū, me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o Bifidobacterium.
Ma nā haʻawina hana kanaka ma luna o nā poʻe me ka hemahema o ka noʻonoʻo iki (MCI), ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ka ʻai ʻana o Bifidobacterium MCC1274 i ka hana noʻonoʻo ma ka Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia nā helu ma nā wahi e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo koke, ka hiki ke ʻike maka-wahi, ka hana paʻakikī, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo lohi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-07-2025